Georg Meisenbach’s “Autotypie" was a single line screen crossed after half the exposure in the copy camera, to create a cross line dot Halftone, in 1882. The Meisenbach system became the standard halftone system throughout Europe. His partner Joseph Ritter von Schmaedel, in 1884, succeeded in ruling through a black coating on a glass plate, using a specially made ruling machine, producing a clean screen for halftone. Once the perfected Levy screens became available after 1893, Meisenbach, as well as everyone else, used them.