Muhammad Sadiq Bey (1832-1902), Egyptian, was one of the first to photograph pilgrimages to Mecca and Medina, the first time in 1861 and the second time in 1880. He won the gold medal for the exhibition Geography of Venice in 1881. In 1881 he published Mash’al al-Mahmal (The Torch of the Mahmal), which contained his photographs on his observations of Mecca and Medina.