E. S. is a lad about seven years of age, at the Long Island Farms. He is noted among his companions as a mischievous, stubborn, uncontrollable boy. He is exceedingly impulsive; very difficult to manage, and constantly inclined to vicious and cruel deeds. p 168

Mathew Brady was hired to take daguerreotypes of mental patients and criminals, to be used as illustrations in the American edition of Rationale of Crime and its Appropriate Treatment. Their purpose was to show how to read a criminal head – to detect a biological source of social behavior, so the behavior might be reformed with reliable predictability. These daguerreotypes became the basis for 19 woodcuts to illustrate the various phrenological theories in the book. Eliza Farnham, the author of the appendix in which Brady’s images appear in the book, wrote in her preface:

My acknowledgements are due to the officers of the Penitentiary on Blackwell’s Island for their politeness in furnishing me with facilities for taking the daguerreotypes, and to Mr. L. N. Fowler for aiding me in selection of cases; nor must I omit to name Mr. Edward Serrell, who was obliging enough to take the outline drawings for me; or Mr. Brady, to whose indefatigable patience with a class of the most difficult of all sitters, is due the advantages of a very accurate set of daguerreotypes.

Farnham was a matron of the Mt. Pleasant State Prison for Women at Sing Sing. Famous for her role as a prison reformer, Farnham was interested in phrenology, which linked character traits with the shape of the skull. [1]