The the first book published with Ives half-tones…"–Hanson Collection catalog

In 1878 Ives invented utilizing a paper pattern for a halftone screen. Ives’ second 1881 patent, August 9, was for a complicated process, this time involving a plaster relief from a chromated gelatin. It was not until later that he switched to using a line screen as did the earlier halftone inventors. He also credited himself (1885) with making the first cross line screen by cementing two single line screens together with Canada Balsam. The ultimate perfection of the halftone negative was the placement of the screen a carefully controlled distance from the film in the copy camera. This slight separation created an optical dispersion of the screen’s image called the "Optical VÓ that resulted in a more perfect halftone plate. It can be seen because the dot size in the highlight is quite small and gets progressively larger in areas with progressively darker tones. This concept is generally recognized as Ives most important contribution to halftone theory. Ives was employed by the Crosscup and West Company in Philadelphia and his first published halftones were by them. Crosscup and West charged $1 per square inch in the first years. (Am. Photo Eng. pg. 146) ($25 in 2016 dollars – average daily US wage in 1890 was $1.50) Ives was also producing experimental three color halftones in 1885, claiming later that he developed the procedure of rotating the screens for the colors to avoid moire patterns. [1]
Caleb C. Hood confinement in the penitentiary, and died during his imprisonment. He was a good sincere man, a most earnest and indefatigable worker. He was a native of Massachusetts, a graduate of Yale College, and a minister of the gospel. His sympathy for the oppressed slave impelled him to give up his pulpit and give his entire time and labor to the cause of anti-slavery. While full of ardor, bold and daring, he was so indiscreet and rash in his designs and movements as to keep many of the Underground Railroad agents, who received fugitives sent by him, in constant fear lest he would get himself or them into trouble. His outfit when he started on this last journey, was furnished him in Kennet, Chester county, although it was done with extreme trepidation and reluctance by most of the anti-slavery people, as his plan of going among slaves and encouraging them to leave their masters was not in accord with the general views and wishes of abolitionists…